MODALS VERB

Modal verbs atau modal auxiliaries adalah sebutan untuk kata kerja bantu selain be, dodan have. Tidak seperti auxiliary verbs, modal verbs hanya dapat berfungsi sebagai kata kerja bantu saja dan tidak dapat berlaku sebagai principal verbs dalam suatu kalimat. Kata kerja utama (main verbs) yang mengikuti modal verbs harus selalu kata kerja dasar tanpa to (bare infinitive or infinitive without to).

Modal verbs yang digunakan adalah can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, dan would. Selain itu, bentuk modal verbs tidak berubah dan tetap sama untuk semua jenis subjek.
Here are some modals.

No	Modals	Meaning	Illustrative sentences
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8	Can May Must Shall Will Might Should Would	Ability, permission Possibility, necessity Conclusion Plan/promise Plan/intention Weak possibility/past form of may Advice, past form of shall Permission, polite request, past form of will	Dina can solve the sophisticated problem easily Anto  may leave school early, he is ill today Dina always studies hard. She must be diligent I shall return here. I promise We will visit National museum on Sunday The train was late. It might stop somewhere Anto was badly wounded. He should be brought to the hospital to get more intensive cure Would you mind moving ahead, please?

 
1.   Can (dapat, bisa, boleh)

Contoh:
I can swim (saya dapat berenang)

I can't swim (saya tidak dapat berenang)

You can go now (kamu boleh pergi sekarang)

2.   Could (dapat, bisa) dalam bentuk past dan (mungkin, mau) dalam bentuk future

Contoh:
I could fly an aeroplane when I was in the A.P.I. (Saya bisa menerbangkan pesawat ketika masih di API)

She could be in London or Paris, nobody knows (Dia mungkin ada di London atau paris, tidak ada yang tahu)

3.   May (mungkin, boleh)

Contoh:

I may come tomorrow if I have time (Saya mungkin datang besok jika ada waktu)

We may be buying a new house (Kami mungkin akan membeli rumah baru)

4.   Might (mungkin [dg kemungkinan yang relatif kecil]) / past form of may

Contoh:

It isn't cloudy at present, but I think it might rain this afternoon (Sekarang tidak mendung, tapi saya kira nanti sore kemungkinan turun hujan)

I might see you again - who knows.  (barangkali saya bertemu kau lagi- siapa tahu)

5.   Must (harus, mesti) / conclusion (pasti)

Contoh:

You must do it at once (kamu harus melakukannya sekaligus)

He musn't tell me (Ia tidak mesti memberi tahu saya)

She must be sick (Ia pasti [sedang] sakit)

He must be here by nine o'clock (Ia pasti ada di sini sebelum jam 9)

6.   Will (akan, mau)

Contoh:
I will go now ( saya mau pergi sekarang)

Things will be all right (segalanya akan baik-baik saja)

It will not rain this evening, it won't rain this evening (nanti malam tidak akan hujan)

7.   Would (akan, mau, mungkin) / past form of will / polite request.

Contoh:

Before you came, I would invite Udin to Alfamart (Sebelum kau datang, saya akan mengajak Udin ke Alfamart)

Would you help me? (maukah kau membantu saya?)

We would be millionaires one day (kami mungkin menjadi jutawan suatu hari)

8.   Shall (akan, boleh)

Contoh:
I shall see you tomorrow (saya akan bertemu kau besok)

I shan't be late, I shall not be late (saya tidak akan terlambat)

Shall we go? (bolehkan kami pergi?)

9.   Should (seharusnya, sebaiknya) / advice / past form of shall

Contoh:

If you have a toothache, you should see the dentist (Jika kau sakit gigi, sebaiknya ke dokter gigi)

You shouldn't so pessimistic (Kau mestinya/ seharusnya tidak begitu pesimis)

Activity

Fill in the blank with suitable modals; will, can, may, must, shall might, should or would

1. ……………….., you like a cup of coffee?
2. We …………be punished if we smoke at school
3. My brother ……. go to London next week
4. He ……come late to the meeting.
5. If the one wants to be success he/she….work hard.
6. The cleverest student … speak English fluently.
7. When I was young I ….. Play golf well.
8. He said that he …. go home (boleh)
9. Mr. Said bought a new car, he …. be rich.
10. You….. listen to ours teacher’s speech

1.         would           6.   can

2.         shall              7.   could

3.         will               8.   might

4.         may              9.   must

5.         must             10. Should

There are 10 modals in english, they are:

CAN / COULD / MAY / MIGHT / MUST / SHALL / SHOULD / OUGHT TO / WILL / WOULD

Can (Bisa, Dapat)

Uses (Penggunaan)

Ability / Possibility (untuk menyatakan kemampuan)

Inability / Impossibility (Untuk menyatakan ketidakmampuan atau kemungkinan)

Asking for permission (meminta ijin)

Request (meminta sesuatu)

Example:

They can control their own budgets.

We can’t fix it.

Can I smoke here?

Can you help me?

Could (bisa/dapat: untuk mengatakan dengan cara yang lebih halus/ bentuk lampau dari "can")

Uses:

Asking for permission. (meminta ijin)

Request (Permintaan)

Suggestion (Saran)

Future possibility (Kemungkinan di masa depan)

Ability in the past (Kemampuan di masa lalu)

Example:

Could I borrow your dictionary?

Could you say it again more slowly?

We could try to fix it ourselves.

I think we could have another Gulf War.

He gave up his old job so he could work for us.

May (Boleh/mungkin)

Uses:

Asking for permission (meminta ijin)

Future possibility (Kemungkinan di masa depan)

Example:

May I have another cup of coffee?

China may become a major economic power.

Might (boleh/mungkin, bentuk lampau dari "may")

Uses:

Present possibility (kemungkinan di saat ini)

Future possibility (kemungkinan yang akan datang)

Example:

We'd better phone tomorrow, they might be eating their dinner now.

They might give us a 10% discount.

Must (Harus)

Uses 

Necessity / Obligation (Kebutuhan / Kewajiban)

Prohibition (Larangan)

Example:

We must say good-bye now.

They mustn’t disrupt the work more than necessary.

Ought to (Harus)

Uses:

Saying what’s right or correct (Menunjukan yang benar dan yang salah)

Example

We ought to employ a professional writer. 

Shall (akan: More common in the UK than the US) Shall can only be combined with the subject I and We.

Uses:

Offer (Penawaran)

Suggestion (saran)

Asking what to do (menanyakan apa yang harus di lakukan)

Example:

Shall I help you with your luggage?

Shall we say 2.30 then?

Shall I do that or will you?

Should (Seharusnya)

Uses:

Saying what’s right or correct (Menyatakan yang benar dan yang salah)

Recommending action (merekomendasikan tindakan/menasehati)

Uncertain prediction (perkiraan yang belum pasti)

Example:

We should sort out this problem at once.

I think we should check everything again.

 Profits should increase next year.

Will (Akan)

Uses:

Instant decisions (Keputusan mendadak0

Offer (Tawaran)

Promise (Janji)

Certain prediction (prediksi tertentu)

Example:

I can’t see any taxis so I’ll walk.

I'll do that for you if you like.

I’ll get back to you first thing on Monday.

Profits will increase next year.

Would (Akan: bentuk lampau dari will)

Uses:

Asking for permission (meminta ijin)

Request (meminta sesuatu)

Making arrangements (Membuat pengaturan)

Invitation (Undangan)

Preferences (Pilihan)

Example:

Would you mind if I brought a colleague with me?

Would you pass the salt please?

Would you mind waiting a moment?

"Would three o`clock suit you?" - "That’d be fine."

Would you like to play golf this Friday?

"Would you prefer tea or coffee?" - "I’d like tea please."