Relative Pronoun (Adjective Clause)

Adjective Clause dinamakan juga RELATIVE CLAUSE yaitu Clause (anak kalimat) yang digunakan/ berfungsi sebagai adjective yang menerangkan keadaan noun atau pronoun yang berfungsi sebagai kata penghubung dalam kalimat. Untuk lebih jelasnya penjelasan mengenai Adjective Clause, perhatikan penjelasan di bawah ini.

Semua relative pronoun dalam adjective clause umumnya diterjemahkan menjadi: yang.

Contoh:

• I have read the book (that) you just mentioned.
  Main Clause: I have read the book.
  Subordinate Clause: (that) you just mentioned.

Anak kalimat menerangkan kata benda the book, disebut dengan Adjective Clause

• The lesson (that) she is learning is very difficult.
  Main Clause: The lesson is very difficult.
  Subordinate Clause: (that) she is learning.

How to Form Relative Clauses

Imagine, a girl is talking to Tom. You want to know who she is and ask a friend whether he knows her. You could say:

A girl is talking to Tom. Do you know the girl?

That sounds rather complicated, doesn't it? It would be easier with a relative clause: you put both pieces of information into one sentence. Start with the most important thing  – you want to know who the girl is.

Do you know the girl …

As your friend cannot know which girl you are talking about, you need to put in the additional information – the girl is talking to Tom. Use „the girl“ only in the first part of the sentence, in the second part replace it with the relative pronoun (for people, use the relative pronoun „who“). So the final sentence is:

Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?

Berdasarkan pada the Antecedent yang ditunjuk oleh introductory words (kata-kata pendahulunya), Adjective Clause dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 2 macam, yaitu:

Relative Pronouns

Relative Pronoun	Use	Example
who	Kata penghubung subject for people	I told you about the woman who lives next door. He paid the money to the man who had done the work. A seaman is someone who works on a ship. A clown is someone who makes you laugh. The man who is sitting in the corner is my friend.
which	Kata penghubung for animals and things	Here is a book which describes animals. Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof? The chair which he broke is being repaired.
which	Referring to a whole sentence	He couldn’t read which surprised me.
whose	Kata penghubung possession for people, animals and things	This is the girl whose picture you saw. The girl whose car was sold will go to study abroad. Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse?
whom	Kata penghubung object for people	I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference. He paid the man whom he had hired. She doesn’t know the one whom she loves more The boy whom we visited is her boyfriend.
that	Kata penghubung for people, animals and things in defining relative clauses (who or which are also possible)	I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen. I like the book that she is reading. An elephant is an animal that lives in hot countries.

Relative Adverbs

A relative adverb can be used instead of a relative pronoun plus preposition. This often makes the sentence easier to understand.

This is the shop in which I bought my bike.
→ This is the shop where I bought my bike.

Relative Adverb	Meaning	Use	Example
when	in/on which	refers to a time expression	This is the year when the Olympic Games are held. The day when they were to leave finally arrived.
where	in/at which	refers to a place	Here is the house where I live. The small town where I was born has grown to a large metropolis.
why	for which	refers to a reason	Give me one good reason why you did that. The reason why I came should be obvious to you.